LANGUAGE
AND SOCIAL
INTERACTION
BY:
KOMANG DITA
AMANDA FEBRIAWATI
(1312021178)
SILUH PUTU
RATIH APRILIANI
(1312021180)
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMEN
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ART
GANESHA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
SINGARAJA 2014
BAB I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
In
a life of society Communicate and Interact is something that happens all the
time, because Humans are social beings. Judging from the function of language
as a means of communication and interaction tools Possessed by Humans, language
can be studied based on the theory of language, both internally and externally
or language interdisciplinary seen.
Sociolinguistics is very important
for us to learn as sociolinguistics very useful for society. Sociolinguistics
linguistics is that part of which is concerned with language as a social and
cultural phenomenon. It investigates the field of language and society and has
close connections with the social sciences, especially social psychology,
anthropology, human geography and sociology P. Trudgill (1974: 32). In
sociolinguistic will help you to make a new relationship with someone who are
not embarrassing in a one country.
In studying sociolinguistic we learn
to discuss aspects of the language community especially difference variation
contained in a language that is related to social factors.
1.2 Question
1.2.1 What is the definition of language,
social and interaction?
1.2.2 What is Requirement of Social
Interaction?
1.2.3
How Do The People Interacting In Society?
1.2.4
How They Do Interaction Language In Across Culture?
1.3 Purpose of Study
1.3.1
To Know Definition of Language, social and interaction
1.3.2
To Know Requirement of Social Interaction
1.3.3
To Know How Do The People Interacting In Society
1.3.4
To Know How Interaction Language Across Culture
CHAPTER II
CONTENT AND DISCUSSTION
2.1
Definition of Language, social and interaction
Language is a means of communication and
interaction tools possessed by humans and is characteristic of human beings.
Normal humans have always used language in the move among humans in everyday
life. A language is a system of conventional vocal signs by means of which
human beings communicate. This definition has several important terms, each of
which is examined in some detail, those terms are system, signs, vocal,
conventional, human, communicate. (Algeo, 2005: 2). Language is a system
of symbols and signs. What is meant by the system symbol is a symbol of the
relationship with the conventional meaning. While that is a system of signs is
that the relationship of signs and significance is not conventional but is
determined by the nature or certain characteristics possessed object or
situation in question (Fodor: 1974). According Bolinger (1981), language has a
phoneme system, which is formed from the distinctive sound features, the system
morpheme and syntax. To express the meaning of the language must relate to the
outside world. What is meant by the outside world is a world beyond the
language included in the self-speaking world. World in terms of this kind is
called reality. Language can be
defined as a socially shared combinations of those symbols and rule governed
combinations of those symbols (Owen).
Is all
human social behavior which describes the relationship nonindividualis. This
refers to the social understanding of human relationships in community
relations. Whether the relationship of man with man, man with the group, and
the group with the group. Understanding the social meaning of the interface
between humans, who then called interaction. This interaction began since
humans have psychologically and in physically relationships with those around
him.
Social
interaction is a complex event, including behavior in the form of stimuli and
reaction both, and which may have a meaning as a stimulus and the other as a
reaction, and says that social interaction can be explained as a function of
individuals who participated or participate in social situations which they
agree.
From the
above it can be seen the opinion that social interaction was observed in terms
of the process, where social interaction is a relationship that occurs in social
situations as well as the actions and reactions of mutual reciprocity of
individuals who participated in the social situation giving rise to influence
in a group activity.
In the
social interaction there is a possibility that individuals can adjust to another,
or vice versa. Definition of adjustment here in the broadest sense, namely that
individuals can merge with the surrounding circumstances, or otherwise the
individual can change the environment in accordance with the circumstances in
the individual, in accordance with the wishes of the individual concerned.
A person
or group actually trying or learning how to understand the social actions of
others or other groups when interacting. A social interaction will be messed up
if the parties do not interact with each other to understand the motivation and
meaning of social action they did.
So that
social interaction can be run in an orderly, organized, and that members of the
community can function well in their social interactions, it is required not
only the ability to act in accordance with their social context, but also
requires the ability to see our own behavior objectively from the point of view
of others .
Of
interactions that occur in the community do not always use the rules of correct
language. Sometimes they create new trends through their creativity, both
popularized by artists or certain people. People who write or compose their way
of spelling slang or “alay” is creative thinking because they are creative.
And those who spell a new word that has a value of creative art in linguistic
science. Just look: it's not misspelled style using the elements like
homophones, or even semiotics? Style slang “alay”
treats alphabetic spelling, punctuation, and numbers as symbols that manifests
certain sounds or letters so that they can enjoy this kind of linguistic
creativity. Spelling style slang “alay”
actually crack the password used in the writing. Posts Alay is a password and
only takes a little patience and time to get used to it and to be able to solve
it.
The use
of force has also been practicing spelling Alay spelled his style at the
appropriate places. They speak slang or “alay”
not in scientific reports or official speeches. They speak slang “alay” in spaces that are more casual language such
as social networking sites, private chat, and instant messaging.
And some
said that is a trend in Indonesia:
o Bingits = Banget
o Keles = kali
o Kenaps = Why
o Dimans = Where
o Ciyus = Serious
o Lahacia = Secret
o Enelan = Really
o CIPP = Sip
o Mancep = Mantap
o Miapah = Demi apa
o Cungguh = Really
o Akoooh = I
o Kenk you = Thank you
o Macama = your welcome or sama-sama
o Macapah = With whom?
o Binun = Confused
o Cemungudh = fighting or semangat
o Ca Oong Tch = Are you liying?
o Kepo = Knowing
Every Particular Object or People
Want to Know
o Lefo = slow Info or lelet info
o BarYaw = Be patience or sabar yaw
o Keyen = Awesome
o Gudnyus = Good news
o Kiyim = Submit or kirim
o Amaca Tch = really or ah masak sih
o Garing =
it means "Jayus" alias not funny but forced create looks funny. Garing
itself comes from "Sundanese" which means dry.
o Galau = appears in the status facebook or other
social media. So it was kind of feeling troubled ngak clear that arise when we
feel guilty, bad mood, again confused, again missed something.
o ALAY = usually pronounced when looking at
something that is excessive.
o PERES = False aka Liar.
o WOLES = WOLES word is the opposite word SLOW /
SELOW
o KAMSEUPAY = Based on search results from Google,
Kamseupay word comes from the 70s. Then became famous again lately thanks to
Marissa Haque who mentions this in his blog said. Kamseupay it stands for
"Kampungan Seukali Payah"
2.2
Requirement of Social Interaction
Social interaction is a foundation of
relationships in the form of an action based on norms and prevailing social
values and applied in society. With the values and norms, social
interaction itself could take place if the rules - the rules and values -
values that exist can be done well. If the lack of awareness of the personal
- each, the social process itself cannot be run in accordance with what we
expect. In the daily life - the man certainly cannot be separated from the
relationship between one another, he will always need to look for other
individuals or groups to be able to interact or exchange ideas. According to
Prof. Dr Soerjono Soekamto social interaction is the key to all social life. In
the absence of communication or interaction between each other then there can
be no life together. If only physical sight between each other, cannot produce
a form of social groups that can interact with each other. Thus it can be
stated that the interaction is the basis of a form of social process because
without social interaction, the activities between one individual to another
cannot be called interaction.
So that social interaction can occur, it
takes a few terms. According Gilin and Gilin as quoted by Soerjono Soekarno,
terms of social interaction is as follows.
a.
Social Contacts
The word 'contact' is derived from the
word 'con' or 'cum' (Latin: together) and 'tango' (Latin: to touch). So,
literally contact means is 'equally touching'. Physically, the new social
contacts occur in the event of physical relationships. However, as a social
phenomenon does not have to mean a physical relationship. Because a person can
make contact with the other side without touching as when greeting each other
and talk using sign language.
Here Social contact is the relationship
between mean of the parties to the other party who is the beginning of the
occurrence of social interaction and call now party should not even reacts in
physical contact with each other.
In
everyday life, people always make contact with other human beings. This
condition cannot be avoided by humans because humans are social beings. Contact
form does not always have to happen physical contiguity, but also can be verbal
or even just a passive reaction as a symbol. Delivery of messages as the goal
of their social contacts can also be done by using the media or means of
communication such as radio, television, telephone, and so on. Communicator is
the person delivering the message and the communicant is the person who
receives the message.
A
contact can also be primary or secondary. Primary contact occurs when the hold
direct relationship to meet and face to face, such as when people are shaking
hands, smile, and so on. Instead of secondary contacts show a middleman. For
example, A told B that admire its role as a leading role one plays. A did not
meet with C, but there have been contacts between them because each one
responded, although the intermediate B. A secondary contact can be made
directly. In the first, the third party to be passive, while the latter third
parties as intermediaries have an active role in the contact. Secondary
relationships can be done through tools such as telephone, telegraph, radio,
and so on. In case A call B, then there is a secondary contact directly, but if
A asks for help to B that was introduced with the girl C, the contact is
indirect secondary contact.
Social
contact can take place in three forms, namely as follows.
·
Contacts between individuals
Contact
between individuals is happening between individuals. Example: contact between
friends, contact the child with his mother, teacher contact with one of his
students, and others.
·
Contact between individuals and groups,
and vice versa
Contact
between individuals and groups is the contact that occurs between individuals
with a particular group. Example: contact that occurs when a person presenting
something with some other people and contact between teachers and students in
the classroom.
·
Contacts between groups
Inter-group
contact is a contact that occurs between one group with another group. Example:
business contacts between companies and contacts between the football team
during a match.
b.
Communication
'Communication' is derived from the word
'communicare' (Latin: related to ). So, literally communication is related or
getting along with others. In social contact understanding more emphasis to the
person or group who interact, while communication is concerned with how the
message is processed.
Communication comes after contact takes
place (no contact is not necessarily the case communication). Communication has
a purpose that is broader than the contact, because communication can have and
cause several different interpretations. As smile can be interpreted as a
tribute or ridicule against someone.
2.3 How Do The People Interacting
In Society
All people in the world they do
interaction in their society. When the people do interaction in their society
they use language. Without language they will find trouble in their daily life.
The role of language in society is very important, as we know language is
communication tool. There are so many human activities that use language. They
communicate using the current language, listening to people how they speak,
read, and write.
In society there are different
variations of the language, where in the society every regions have different
dialect with other region and there is other factor make a variety in language.
Social factors that Affect Also the individual companies as well as age,
gender, level of familiarity, behind religious background.
1. As
the dialect Jembrana, when using Balinese languages in which they often
eliminate sound suffix "n" "macaplaga in pengkola" (getting
hit in the corner) "meli lawar madona" (buy traditional food in
banana leaves).
Beside on dialect its self there is also one of
variation language, base on I Nyoman Suparwa’s journal Vol. 15, No. 29,
September 2008 in Loloan Jembrana there use bahasa melayu which is has little
similarity with Indonesian language, bahasa
melayu or malay language in Loloan
explained that Bali is a regional language in this in indonesia. As with
languages other region in indonesia, Bali Loloan Malay language has
inhibitory-glottal sound.
Resistor-glottal sound Malay Loloan Bali is an
allophone of phoneme / k /. Of phonological analysis can know that phoneme / k
/ has three phonetic realization, namely [k] (off), [k> ] (Not
separated], and [?](glottal).
Realization allophone consonant / k / Malay Loloan Bali visible
/k@ruk/ [k@rU?]
‘gali, keruk’ ‘dig, scrathing’
/daken/ [dakEn] ‘dangkal’ ‘shallow’
/katokan/ [katokan]
‘alas buku’ ‘pace for put book read al’quran’
(waktu mengaji)’
/tarok/ [tarOk]
‘taruh’ ‘put’
/bawak/ [bawa?]
‘(di)
bawah’ ‘under’
/sampek/
[sampe?] ‘sampai’ ‘arrive’
/g@tok/ [g@tOk]
‘ketuk’ ‘knock’
/gampok/
[g@mpOk] ‘lempar’ ‘throw’
/waktu/ [wak>tu] ‘waktu’
‘time’
/bukti/ [buk>ti]
‘bukti’ ‘proof,
evidence’
/gekan@/
[gE?an@] ‘seperti’ ‘like’
2. Age
(age)
Age
is something that affects a person to interact with each other, especially in
speaking with the surrounding environment. They will automatically be more
polite to talk with older, and of course the way when they speak with different
peers.
Example:
a child met a grandmother who was in the middle of the road, they will
automatically become more polite and the Balinese language this child might be
using the polite language (Alus singgih).
3. The
level of familiarity
In
interacting with someone we know very familiar with will be very different to
the way we interact with someone we do not know at all or not very familiar or
may not ever be encountered at all. When we interact with someone we know then
automatically we will talk with disrespectful.
For
example: "Eh cicing ane encol"
(eh! You dog quick!) this phrase often spoken by people of the same age or
colleagues, especially in the area of Buleleng Bali. It is possible at all if
someone who first heard these words considered very disrespectful and feel
offended. But here is very obvious how familiarity greatly affect the use of
language to interact with each other.
4. Gender
In
the interaction between people who have different sexes, which is the
difference between the ways they communicate with the opposite sex. When they
communicate with the opposite sex they will tend to be more polite.
5. religious
background
In
the religious background of communication that they do will be more controlled
and much polite. For example, we talked to a priest or holy man then
automatically we will talk with the very polite.
2.4 Interaction Language Across
Culture
As someone who is in a new
environment, sometimes often feel that to adapt to an environment that is quite
difficult. But that idea is actually not true. When will began to adapt in the
new environment need for mental preparation. Just as when will perform a
culture of communication with the outside, the first thing to know is about the
person's information in the environment so that people who want to adapt can
prepare themselves with a variety of attitudes, including how to speak in front
of the speaker. Then when it will communicate with the outside culture, do not
ever put a face annoyed with the speaker. Because when people are in a new
environment, then that person must be ready to accept new things also whether
it is positive or negative.
Although
the conditions are like that, we must still look happy because then the person
can be considered as a person who is friendly. To communicate with the outside
culture indeed we should be friendly to new people we meet. But most
importantly when we do our communication with foreign cultures should still be
ourselves because by being we will make us feel more comfortable. But when
people do sometimes also experiencing communication difficulties as in interacting
with the use of a foreign language even though sometimes they use English or
international language where sometimes there are some languages that are not
easy to understand. In essence a culture has its own culture and procedures
that are commonly performed in the environment.
How
do they communicate with people who have different cultural backgrounds, in the
journal vol. no.1 year 2013 entitled
Anxiety Uncertainty Management Student Dutch International Business Management
Studies student talks about Holland is undergoing a double degree in Management
Studies International Business, Petra Christian University. In the process of
undergoing the program, they have different experiences of students who come
from other cultures, namely the Indonesian students in IBM Petra.
Differences
in interpretation of timeliness and manner of expression appears in
cross-cultural communication between students who have each culture
(different), namely Eline with Dutch culture, Giuliana with German culture, and
student IBM with Indonesian culture. Researchers found the anxiety and
uncertainty when Holland students interact with Indonesian students in one
group. Differences in cultural background they cause anxiety and uncertainty in
the lead group work. When someone moves to a new culture, a person carrying
values, beliefs, habits, and behavior of their old culture, that can collide
with the new culture. This can lead to disorientation, misunderstanding,
conflict, stress, and anxiety (anxiety). The researchers refer to this
phenomenon as culture shock. "When the student is communicating with
Holland group, there is also a process of cross-cultural interaction with the
members of the different groups of cultural background. In these interactions
can arise differences include values, norms, beliefs, language, attitudes and
perceptions, all of which will determine the patterns of intercultural
communication. And one of the results of communications they do with different
cultural backgrounds are very visible when they interact.
According
to students who come from the Dutch, Indonesian students cannot express their
opinions directly and not clear or unclear, and also students of Indonesia,
especially friends who he spoke with did not timely in accordance with his
promise. Because at a certain time of Indonesian students interact with using
Indonesian, Holland students feel confused and worried because if there is
something that needs to be revealed in front of him why they do not use
language which he understands because he thought better express disapproval
directly in front of her. Here we can see a different cultural background.
Westerners often express their opinions clearly or directly to the point, but
sometimes considered offensive by the Indonesian people. While foreign people,
especially westerners people prefer who are able to express their opinions
clearly or to the point.
Different
culture affect how the results of our interactions, how do we keep interaction
to keep it running properly. When communicating or interacting with cross
culture sometimes we have to learn the culture of each other in order to avoid
misunderstanding.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
3.1 Conclusion
Sociolinguistic view language not only
as a communication tool or instrument to convey thoughts. Because, in the
spotlight in sociolinguistic is who is speaking, using the language of what, to
whom, when, and for what purpose. Sociolinguistic outlook on language can be
seen from the functions of language through the viewpoint of the speaker, the
listener, topics, code, and the mandate of the talks.
3.2 Suggestion
In
human life in this world will not be separated from public life, then we as
human beings who live in a society should be aware that we may not live alone.
For that let us be good citizens with the interaction among individuals with
other individuals, between individuals and groups, even groups with the group
in order to create unity and integrity in public life.
REFFERENCE
Algeo, John. 2005. The Origins and Development of the English Language: Sixth Edition.
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Suparwa, I Nyoman. 2008. Persoalan otografi untuk bunyi hambat-glotal dalam bahasa melayu Loloan
Bali. Unuversitas Udayana. Volume 15, No. 29
Trudgill, Peter. 1974. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction. Great Britain: Hazell Watson
& Viney Ltd.
Fodor,
J.A., T.G. Bever, dan M.F. Garrett.1974. The psychology of language: an introduction to psycholinguistics and
generative grammar . New York: McGraw-HillBook Company.
Wijaya, Rony. 2013.
Anxiety
Uncertainty Management Mahasiswi Inholland Program Studi Manajemen Bisnis
Internasional. Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas
Kristen Petra Surabaya. Vol I. No.1 Tahun 2013
Bolinger, D.L. 1981. Two Kinds of Vowels, Two Kinds of Rhythm. Bloomington IA :
University of Indiana
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